Different WWR simulation to improve energy performance of a typical house in Lampung
Main Article Content
##article.abstract##
Sustainability in architecture seeks to adapt to the local environment, reduce carbon emissions, and manage water to minimise the effects of climate change, preserve the natural balance, and prioritise quality over cost. Analyzing and optimising the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) is the primary method for achieving energy efficiency in buildings, a fundamental aspect of sustainable design. In tropical climates, the WWR of a building forecasts energy consumption because solar heat gain occurs through the building's external windows due to the high solar radiation intensity and average annual temperature. This study examines the effects of WWR on a modest housing structure in South Lampung, Indonesia's tropical environment. The study was conducted by simulating the Existing Building (10% WWR) and two comparable structures, Alternative 1 (20% WWR) and Alternative 2 (30% WWR). Utilizing Autodesk Revit and Green Building Studio for energy modelling of buildings, the research was conducted. Based on the simulation conducted, Alternative 1 with 20% WWR performed the best among the three models, with an EUI value of only 532 MJ/m²/year, compared to Alternative 2 with 30% WWR, which reached 627 MJ/m²/year. In addition, the power, fuel, and annual peak demand of each building were analysed. According to the research, the window-to-wall ratio is very important design criterion for achieving thermal efficiency in buildings.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
UN Habitat, Sustainable building design for tropical climates: Principles and Applications for Eastern Africa. 2014.
L. Yang, H. Yan, and J. C. Lam, “Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications - A review,” Appl. Energy, vol. 115, pp. 164–173, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.062.
W. Abdelhameed, “Sustainable Design Approach: A case study of BIM use,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 23, 2017, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20172302001.
E. Elbeltagi, H. Wefki, S. Abdrabou, M. Dawood, and A. Ramzy, “Visualized strategy for predicting buildings energy consumption during early design stage using parametric analysis,” J. Build. Eng., vol. 13, pp. 127–136, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2017.07.012.
J. C. Hubers, “Collaborative design of parametric sustainable architecture,” Congr. Comput. Civ. Eng. Proc., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 413–420, 2011, doi: 10.1061/41182(416)51.
M. Kamaruddin, “Investigation of the impact of building orientation on cooling loads in an office building in the tropical climate Consumption of The Commercial Building in The Tropical Climate,” J. Sci. Technol. Vis. Cult., vol. 01, pp. 35–43, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://journal.itera.ac.id/index.php/jstvc/article/view/546.
A. R. Katili, R. Boukhanouf, and R. Wilson, “Space Cooling in Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates—A Review of the Effect of Humidity on the Applicability of Existing Cooling Techniques,” Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Sustain. Energy Technol., no. August, pp. 25–27, 2015, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3011.5287.
C. Turner and M. Frankel, “Energy Performance of LEED ® for New Construction Buildings,” 2008.
Y. Geng, B. Lin, and Y. Zhu, “Comparative study on indoor environmental quality of green office buildings with different levels of energy use intensity,” Build. Environ., vol. 168, no. August 2019, p. 106482, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106482.
S. Y. Chen, “Use of green building information modeling in the assessment of net zero energy building design,” J. Environ. Eng. Landsc. Manag., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 174–186, 2019, doi: 10.3846/jeelm.2019.10797.
P. Issler, P. Mathew, and N. Wallace, “The Pricing Risk of Energy Use Intensity for Office and Multifamily Mortgages,” 2020.
R. A. Mangkuto, M. Rohmah, and A. D. Asri, “Design optimisation for window size, orientation, and wall reflectance with regard to various daylight metrics and lighting energy demand: A case study of buildings in the tropics,” Appl. Energy, vol. 164, pp. 211–219, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.046.
S. Sana, Abolfazl Hayati, and M. Salmanzadeh, “Optimization of Window?to?Wall Ratio for Buildings Located in Different Climates: An IDA?Indoor Climate and Energy Simulation Study,” Energies, vol. 14, 2021.
L. Troup, R. Phillips, M. J. Eckelman, and D. Fannon, “Effect of window-to-wall ratio on measured energy consumption in US office buildings,” Energy Build., vol. 203, p. 109434, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109434.
E. Halawa et al., “A review on energy conscious designs of building façades in hot and humid climates: Lessons for (and from) Kuala Lumpur and Darwin,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 82, no. June 2017, pp. 2147–2161, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.061.
A. Alsehail and A. Almhafdy, “The Effect of Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) and Window Orientation (WO) on the Thermal Performance: A preliminary overview,” Environ. Proc. J., vol. 5, no. 15, pp. 165–173, 2020, doi: 10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2500.
M. Alwetaishi, “Impact of glazing to wall ratio in various climatic regions: A case study,” J. King Saud Univ. - Eng. Sci., pp. 1–13, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jksues.2017.03.001.
H. Islam, M. Jollands, S. Setunge, I. Ahmed, and N. Haque, “Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost implications of wall assemblages designs,” Energy Build., vol. 84, pp. 33–45, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.041.
W. Arminda and M. Kamaruddin, “Heat Transfer Through Building Envelope Materials and Their Effect on Indoor Air Temperatures in Tropics,” Orig. Artic. J. Sci. Appl. Technol., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 403–410, 2021, doi: 10.35472/jsat.v5i2.630.
“Impact of WWR on Building Energy Consumption – Firstgreen Consulting Pvt Ltd.” https://www.firstgreen.co/impact-of-wwr-on-building-energy-consumption/ (accessed Jul. 11, 2022).
R. Phillips, L. Troup, D. Fannon, and M. J. Eckelman, “Triple bottom line sustainability assessment of window-to-wall ratio in US office buildings,” Build. Environ., vol. 182, no. January, p. 107057, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107057.
F. H. Abanda and L. Byers, “An investigation of the impact of building orientation on energy consumption in a domestic building using emerging BIM (Building Information Modelling),” Energy, vol. 97, pp. 517–527, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.135.
E. P. E. Moakher, “Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Sustainability – Using Design Technology in Energy Efficient Modeling,” IOSR J. Mech. Civ. Eng., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 10–21, 2012, doi: 10.9790/1684-0121021.
R. M. Bambang and S. Kp, “KAJIAN KENYAMANAN THERMAL PADA BANGUNAN RUMAH TINGGAL ARSITEKTUR KOLONIAL MODERN (Studi Kasus?: Rumah Tinggal Karya Arsitek Liem Bwan Tjie Jl. Dr. Wahidin No. 38 Semarang),” J. Tek. Sipil dan Perenc., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 9–20, 2011, doi: 10.15294/jtsp.v13i1.7059.
J. Rana, R. Hasan, H. R. Sobuz, and V. W. Y. Tam, “Impact assessment of window to wall ratio on energy consumption of an office building of subtropical monsoon climatic country Bangladesh,” Int. J. Constr. Manag., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–26, 2020, doi: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1808561.